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From 6.3.1.5 of the C99 standard \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]:

Wiki MarkupWhen a {{double}} is demoted to {{float}} \[ or \] a {{long double}} is demoted to {{double}} or {{float}}...if the value being converted is outside the range of values that can be represented, the behavior is [undefined|BB. Definitions#undefined behavior].

This rule does not apply to machines that support signed infinity, such as ones that support IEEE-754, as all numbers are representable.

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