Bitwise shifts include left shift operations of the form shift-expression << additive-expression and right shift operations of the form shift-expression >> additive-expression. The integer promotions are performed on the operands, each of which has an integer type. The type of the result is that of the promoted left operand. If the value of the right operand is negative or is greater than or equal to the width of the promoted left operand, the behavior is undefined.
In almost every case, an attempt to shift by too much or by a negative amount indicates a bug (logic error). This is different than overflow, where there is simply a representational deficiency (see INT32-C. Ensure that integer operations do not result in an overflow).
Non-Compliant Code Example (Left Shift, Signed Type)
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