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*asynchronous-safe* \[[GNU Pth|AA. C References#GNU Pth]\]
A function is asynchronous-safe, or asynchronous-signal safe, if it can be called safely and without side effects from within a signal handler context. That is, it must be able to be interrupted at any point and run linearly out of sequence without causing an inconsistent state. Some asynchronous-safe operations are listed below:

{anchor: freestanding environment\}<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="058a95cd-3a76-4ef6-b217-956a82fdacfd"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> freestanding environment</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*freestanding environment* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
An environment in which C program execution may take place without any benefit of an operating system.&nbsp; Program startup might occur at some function other than {{main()}}, complex types might not be implemented, and only certain minimal library facilities are guaranteed to be available.

{anchor: hosted environment\}<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="e5bf7ec8-2172-4447-90b0-594f69533dbd"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> hosted environment</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*hosted environment* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
An environment that is not freestanding.&nbsp; Program startup occurs at {{main()}}, complex types are implemented, and all C standard library facilities are available.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="0f60a6b7278a0308-81921422-474b4bd2-9d1f8001-99d355464b3f84e9513efc64"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> implementation</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*implementation* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
Particular set of software, running in a particular translation environment under particular control options, that performs translation of programs for, and supports execution of functions in, a particular execution environment.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="a52cb3de25df22aa-047b1011-467c4bab-926e9747-9604a1990613493e1b0d7d73"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> implementation-defined behavior</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*implementation-defined behavior* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
Unspecified behavior where each implementation documents how the choice is made.

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*locale-specific behavior* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
Behavior that depends on local conventions of nationality, culture, and language that each implementation documents.

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*lvalue* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
An lvalue is an expression with an object type or an incomplete type other than {{void}}. The name "lvalue" comes originally from the assignment expression {{E1 = E2}}, in which the left operand {{E1}} is required to be a (modifiable) lvalue. It is perhaps better considered as representing an object "locator value".

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="dadbd366e32a024e-ce0cd7f9-4fd54d8a-a5368e37-be4b2e479f61b4e311f29e13"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> reentrant</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*reentrant* \[[Dowd 06|AA. C References#Dowd 06]\]
A function is reentrant if multiple instances of the same function can run in the same address space concurrently without creating the potential for inconsistent states.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="8e7614a50e34f35e-837761ee-4c8d4688-a450abc7-9f3792a1322d95f1fea18df0"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> rvalue</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*rvalue* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
Value of an expression.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="2a4b2a668a90beb8-ae947f74-4e55468d-bb44bc04-23d64e7a0b97a6b28b33814e"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> undefined behavior</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*undefined behavior* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
Behavior, upon use of a nonportable or erroneous program construct or of erroneous data, for which the standard imposes no requirements.  An example of undefined behavior is the behavior on integer overflow.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="3c2de30af9f897ec-329bb24c-46ac4660-813390fa-b20002171e10e97b697d4d94"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> unspecified behavior</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*unspecified behavior* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
Behavior where the standard provides two or more possibilities and imposes no further requirements on which is chosen in any instance.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="21db53b093b77fa3-7a8fcdcb-42e046c9-8b18b670-12a574c444407d4bd03f9128"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> validation</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*validation* \[[IEC 61508-4|AA. C References#IEC 61508-4]\]
Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific intended use are fulfilled.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="c467627d22d2da4e-2a7ca0b4-413a4e53-8edab36f-5aaf3b05ab388d3ca7d03322"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> verification</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*verification* \[[IEC 61508-4|AA. C References#IEC 61508-4]\]
Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the requirements have been fulfilled.