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<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="f6cb216081dee35e-26a3c59a-4f264e76-a9db9df3-01c319c0994a27cddfd07c3c"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> asynchronous-safe</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*asynchronous-safe* \[[GNU Pth|AA. C References#GNU Pth]\]
A function is asynchronous-safe, or asynchronous-signal safe, if it can be called safely and without side effects from within a signal handler context. That is, it must be able to be interrupted at any point and run linearly out of sequence without causing an inconsistent state. It must also function properly when global data might itself be in an inconsistent state. Some asynchronous-safe operations are listed here:

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="4a046fbaa5dcfa54-14c3d3c3-4fbb4fa2-b1bf8c62-ba66d1faa5ef766ba8cdc85c"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> availability</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*availability* \[[IEEE Std 610.12 1990|AA. C References#IEEE Std 610.12 1990]\]
The degree to which a system or component is operational and accessible when required for use. Often expressed as a probability.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="bf4ad10410ec7f98-ebddef98-411441a2-b48c9450-7ca491200e698e6bc99e0483"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> exploit<conforming program</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*exploitconforming* \[[Seacord 05aISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#Seacord 05References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
AnConforming exploitprograms ismay adepend pieceupon of software or technique that takes advantage nonportable features of a security vulnerability to violate an explicit or implicit [security policy|BB. Definitions#security policy].conforming implementation.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="26a10016d319922a-ea70f0a5-401740f6-8c99a23a-604d65bf3969df686d665a2c"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> failexception soft<safety</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*failexception softsafety* \[[IEEE Std 610.12 1990Stroustrup 01|AA. C++ References#IEEE Std 610.12 1990References#Stroustrup 01]\]
PertainingAn tooperation aon systeman orobject componentis that continuessaid to providebe partialexception operationalsafe capabilityif inthat theoperation eventleaves ofthe certainobject failures;in fora example,valid astate trafficwhen lightthe that continues to alternate between red and green if the yellow light failsoperation is terminated by throwing an exception. See also: [basic exception safety|BB. Definitions#basic exception safety], [strong exception safety|BB. Definitions#strong exception safety], [no-throw guarantee|BB. Definitions#no-throw guarantee].

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="448221e2ebe374e1-6513744f-4e934782-856893fa-a529fd2cde4403ab69fbaf50"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> fault tolerance<exploit</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*fault toleranceexploit* \[[IEEE Std 610.12 1990Seacord 05a|AA. C References#IEEE Std 610.12 1990References#Seacord 05]\]
TheAn abilityexploit ofis a piece of systemsoftware or component to continue normal operation despite the presence of hardware or software faultstechnique that takes advantage of a security vulnerability to violate an explicit or implicit [security policy|BB. Definitions#security policy].

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="679d64b662c66abe-d8d41c8f-47954f5c-86278bde-0476f582d2448c9fbb80b0b9"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> freestandingfail environment<safe</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*freestandingfail environmentsafe* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999IEEE Std 610.12 1990|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999References#IEEE Std 610.12 1990]\]
AnPertaining environmentto ina whichsystem Cor programcomponent executionthat mayautomatically takeplaces placeitself withoutin any benefit of ana safe operating system.&nbsp; Program startup might occur at some function other than {{main()}}, complex types might not be implemented, and only certain minimal library facilities are guaranteed to be availablemode in the event of a failure; for example, a traffic light that reverts to blinking red in all directions when normal operation fails.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="adc5775e4da20468-c876a421-455f41de-91199599-f79fa99379e520d216790f69"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> hostedfail environment<soft</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*hostedfail environmentsoft* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999IEEE Std 610.12 1990|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999References#IEEE Std 610.12 1990]\]
AnPertaining environmentto thata issystem not freestanding.&nbsp; Program startup occurs at {{main()}}, complex types are implemented, and all C standard library facilities are available.or component that continues to provide partial operational capability in the event of certain failures; for example, a traffic light that continues to alternate between red and green if the yellow light fails.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="6c766d53b18846e3-e38e7830-40dd4f94-9db78381-7725495efbc8492398f9ebb2"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> locale-specifichosted behavior<environment</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*locale-specifichosted behaviorenvironment* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
BehaviorAn environment that is depends on local conventions of nationality, culture, and language that each implementation documentsnot freestanding.&nbsp; Program startup occurs at {{main()}}, complex types are implemented, and all C standard library facilities are available.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="8ea40580f84a1969-9cac7f45-44a1410a-bbbf969c-fa3c729842ad7bce85d8969c"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> lvalue<implementation</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*lvalueimplementation* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
AnParticular set lvalueof issoftware, anrunning expressionin witha anparticular objecttranslation typeenvironment orunder anparticular incompletecontrol typeoptions, otherthat than {{void}}. The name "lvalue" comes originally from the assignment expression {{E1 = E2}}, in which the left operand {{E1}} is required to be a (modifiable) lvalue. It is perhaps better considered as representing an object "locator value".performs translation of programs for, and supports execution of functions in, a particular execution environment.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="e17f8f5c5105621e-88b1d8c0-473746ff-825faa38-df96e05ad729c6223fa4d0a4"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> reentrant<incomplete type</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*reentrantincomplete type* \[[Dowd 06ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#Dowd 06References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
AAn incomplete functiontype is reentranta iftype that multipledescribes instancesan ofidentifier thebut samelacks functioninformation canneeded runto indetermine the same address space concurrently without creating the potential for inconsistent statessize of the identifier.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="24894e1d0758c625-265d5fa6-471b49dd-a0a5b4d2-d14cbd144e88083b1be003d1"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> locale-specific reliability<behavior</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*reliabilitylocale-specific behavior* \[[IEEE Std 610.12 1990ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#IEEE Std 610.12 1990References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
TheBehavior abilitythat ofdepends aon systemlocal orconventions componentof tonationality, performculture, itsand requiredlanguage functionsthat undereach stated conditions for a specified period of timeimplementation documents.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="401a72b3f043e064-f8031269-48594680-bf359b9f-365e673f01b07fa2cade6855"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> security policy<mitigation</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*security policymitigation* \[[InternetSeacord Society 0005a|AA. C References#InternetReferences#Seacord Society 0005]\]
AMitigations setare ofmethods, rulestechniques, andprocesses, practicestools, thator specifyruntime orlibraries regulatethat howcan a systemprevent or organizationlimit providesexploits security services to protect sensitive and critical system resourcesagainst vulnerabilities.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="0b0bca358f3f082a-a286345b-4254422c-8ae5a8c8-76cda8387ed7c29057b20109"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> sequenceno-throw point<guarantee</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*sequenceno-throw pointguarantee* C99 \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999Stroustrup 01|AA. C++ References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999References#Stroustrup 01]\]
Evaluation of an expression may produce side effects. At specific points in the execution sequence called _sequence points_, all side effects of previous evaluations have completed, and no side effects of subsequent evaluations have yet taken place.

, \[[Sutter 00|AA. C++ References#Sutter 00]\]
The no-throw guarantee is a property of an operation such that, in addition to satisfying the [strong exception safety|BB. Definitions#strong exception safety] guarantee, it is guaranteed to complete successfully without raising or propagating an exception. See also: [exception safety|BB. Definitions#exception safety], [basic exception safety|BB. Definitions#basic exception safety], [strong exception safety|BB. Definitions#strong exception safety].

.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="9fb1e5e166cab526-5e47df9b-4c494c89-875f8e38-cf9bf69e24728725a7cc9316"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> strong strictlyexception conforming<safety</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*strictly conforming**strong exception safety* \[[Stroustrup 01|AA. C++ References#Stroustrup 01]\], \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999Sutter 00|AA. C++ References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999References#Sutter 00]\]
AThe strong strictlyexception conformingsafety programguarantee is one that uses only those features of the language and library specified in the international standard.  Strictly conforming programs are intended to be maximally portable among conforming implementations and can't, for example, depend upon implementation-defined behavior a property of an operation such that, in addition to satisfying the [basic exception safety|BB. Definitions#basic exception safety] guarantee, if the operation terminates by raising an exception it has no observable effects on program state. See also: [exception safety|BB. Definitions#exception safety], [basic exception safety|BB. Definitions#basic exception safety], [no-throw guarantee|BB. Definitions#no-throw guarantee].

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="9471a37ac2c7e355-daa14bb1-4b634fc2-a14d84b4-34875d968a1c485554a3116e"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> undefined behavior</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*undefined behavior* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
Behavior, upon use of a nonportable or erroneous program construct or of erroneous data, for which the standard imposes no requirements.  An example of undefined behavior is the behavior on integer overflow.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="2f4586fc40ccf258-b5cdefd1-410d4e1c-8ecc826e-ef9d496845a5d583e5f65871"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> unspecified behavior</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*unspecified behavior* \[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\]
Behavior where the standard provides two or more possibilities and imposes no further requirements on which is chosen in any instance.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="12d66bb513bdb948-fe7cbaa4-41064cc1-a5779582-53710634218eb6553abe89f0"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> validation</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*validation* \[[IEC 61508-4|AA. C References#IEC 61508-4]\]
Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific intended use are fulfilled.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="0acd96007b66ec24-35fd68d9-4caf4c53-9fcfa65a-74c0182ae0c01446ec3755ab"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> verification</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*verification* \[[IEC 61508-4|AA. C References#IEC 61508-4]\]
Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the requirements have been fulfilled.

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="769fbfe618b8099a-62f61a65-4b294436-bd80aad2-71be69a2ba9cd9c916cbeadd"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> vulnerability</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*vulnerability* \[[Seacord 05a|AA. C References#Seacord 05]\]
A vulnerability is a set of conditions that allows an attacker to violate an explicit or implicit security policy.