...
Thread-safe classes (which may not be strictly immutable), such as Container
in this noncompliant code example, must not use nonfinal and nonvolatile fields to ensure that no thread sees any field references before the sub-objects' initialization has concluded. This noncompliant code example does not declare the map
field as volatile
or final
. Consequently, a thread that invokes the get()
method may observe the value of field map
before initialization has concluded.
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