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According to the Java Language Specification \[[JLS 05|AA. Java References#JLS 05]\], section 8.3.2.1 ""Initializers for Class Variables"": |
...at run time,
staticvariables that arefinaland that are initialized with compile-time constant values are initialized first.
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According to the Java Language Specification \[[JLS 05|AA. Java References#JLS 05]\], section 12.4 ""Initialization of Classes and Interfaces"": |
Initialization of a class consists of executing its
staticinitializers and the initializers forstaticfields (class variables) declared in the class.
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public class Cycle {
private static final Cycle c = new Cycle();
private final int balance;
private static final int deposit = (int) (Math.random() * 100); // Random deposit
public Cycle(){
balance = deposit - 10; // Subtract processing fee
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(""The account balance is: "" + c.balance);
}
}
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Compliant Solution
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public class Cycle {
private final int balance;
private static final int deposit = (int) (Math.random() * 100); // Random deposit
private static final Cycle c = new Cycle(); // Inserted after initialization of required fields
public Cycle(){
balance = deposit - 10; // Subtract processing fee
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(""The account balance is: "" + c.balance);
}
}
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Noncompliant Code Example
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\[[JLS 05|AA. Java References#JLS 05]\] Sections [8.3.2.1, Initializers for Class Variables|http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/classes.html#8.3.2.1]; [12.4, Initialization of Classes and Interfaces|http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/execution.html#12.4] Puzzle 49: Larger Than Life \[[MITRE 09|AA. Java References#MITRE 09]\] [CWE ID 665|http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/665.html] ""Improper Initialization"" |
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49. Miscellaneous (MSC) 49. Miscellaneous (MSC) MSC01-J. Avoid memory leaks