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*happens-before order* : "Two actions can be ordered by a happens-before relationship. If one action happens-before another, then the first is visible to and ordered before the second. \[...\] It should be noted that the presence of a happens-before relationship between two actions does not necessarily imply that they have to take place in that order in an implementation. If the reordering produces results consistent with a legal execution, it is not illegal. \[...\]More specifically, if two actions share a happens-before relationship, they do not necessarily have to appear to have happened in that order to any code with which they do not share a happens-before relationship. Writes in one thread that are in a data race with reads in another thread may, for example, appear to occur out of order to those reads." \[[JLS 05|AA. Java References#JLS 05]\]. |
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