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<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="0e2dbabd-3303-4a7d-8a7c-308cb39c3a75"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> heap memory</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*heap memory* : "Memory that can be shared between threads is called shared memory or heap memory. All instance fields, static fields and array elements are stored in heap memory.\[...\] Local variables (§14.4), formal method parameters (§8.4.1) or exception handler parameters are never shared between threads and are unaffected by the memory model." \[[JLS 05|AA. Java References#JLS 05]\]. 

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="15f25f3646b7a144-dbe376e5-42fc4c3e-9dd68a77-24066146fc16315317959487"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> normalization (URI)</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*normalization (URI)* : Normalization is the process of removing unnecessary "."  and ".." segments from the path component of a hierarchical URI. Each "." segment is simply removed. A ".." segment is removed only if it is preceded by a non-".." segment. Normalization has no effect upon opaque URIs \[[API 06|AA. Java References#API 06]\].

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="36d3634c015c6f2b-06f22874-40c641e1-8bfbabe3-aae4710892f72a6022d028cb"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> relativization (URI)</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*relativization (URI)* : "\[Relativization\] is the inverse of resolution. For example, relativizing the URI {{http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/index.html}} against the base URI {{http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3}} yields the relative URI {{docs/guide/index.html}}." \[[API 06|AA. Java References#API 06]\].

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="c847a74a26f3cced-abf4716b-49264b61-9b319116-d593d527fd7706df8b34230d"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> volatile</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*volatile* : Declaring a variable {{volatile}} ensures that all threads see a consistent value of the variable. Volatile guarantees atomic reads and writes of values, however, it does not guarantee the atomicity of composite operations such as variable incrementation (read-modify-write sequence). "Operations on the master copies of volatile variables on behalf of a thread are performed by the main memory in exactly the order that the thread requested." \[[JVMSpec 99|AA. Java References#JVMSpec 99]\].   

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="d5a77d2fcae2997f-6a23d700-41124bf2-8ee0b576-d3a998d283d3d12288e310b6"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> vulnerability</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*vulnerability* : "A set of conditions that allows an attacker to violate an explicit or implicit security policy" \[[Seacord 05|AA. Java References#Seacord 05]\].