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Dynamic analysis tools with a Java concurrency focus, such as SureLogic Flashlight and Coverity Dynamic Analysis will uncover the race conditions shown in the noncompliant code examples above. To accomplish this, however, these tools would have to observe the noncompliant code being called by two or more threads. Such as in an integration or stress test environment. These tools use a dynamic lockset analysis to observe race conditions that occur as the program runs. This analysis intersects the set of locks that are observed to be held when each piece of shared state in the program is accessed. If the lockset for a piece of shared state is empty then a race condition may have been observed and the tool reports this to the useuser.
Heurisitics-based static analysis tools, such as FindBugs and PMD, do not detect problems with the noncompliant solutions code examples shown above without some "hint" that the program code is intended to be thread-safe. For example, consider the compliant code below where the use of a synchronized method is a hint to the analysis tool that the class is intended to be used concurrently.
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