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However, as a {{public}} data member, {{total}} can be altered by external code, independent of these actions. This noncompliant code example violates the condition that {{public}} classes must not expose data members by declaring them {{public}}. It is a bad practice to expose both mutable and immutable fields from a {{public}} class \[[Bloch 2008|AA. Bibliography#Bloch 08]\]. |
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public class Widget {
private int total; // Declared private
voidpublic int getTotal add() {
// ...return total;
}
void remove() {
// ...
definitions }
public int getTotal for add() and remove() {
remain return total;
}the same
}
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It is good practice to use wrapper methods, such as add(), remove(), and getTotal, to manipulate the private internal state because the methods can perform additional functions, such as input validation and security manager checks, prior to manipulating the state.
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