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Programmers frequently make errors regarding the precedence rules of operators due to the unintuitive low-precedence levels of {{&}}, {{\|}}, {{\^}}, {{<<}}, and {{>>}}. Mistakes regarding precedence rules can be avoided by the suitable use of parentheses. Defensive use of parentheses, if not taken to excess, also improves code readability. The precedence of operations by the order of the subclauses are defined in the Java Tutorials \[[Tutorials 082008|AA. Java References#Tutorials 08]\].

\[[Tutorials 082008|AA. Java References#Tutorials 08]\] [Expressions, Statements, and Blocks|http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/expressions.html], [Operators|http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/operators.html]
\[[ESA 052005|AA. Java References#ESA 05]\] Rule 65: Use parentheses to explicitly indicate the order of execution of numerical operators