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<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="006284ce-8287-42d0-ba48-f931f13c8023"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> heap memory</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*heap memory* : "Memory that can be shared between threads is called shared memory or heap memory. All instance fields, static fields and array elements are stored in heap memory.\[...\] Local variables (§14.4), formal method parameters (§8.4.1) or exception handler parameters are never shared between threads and are unaffected by the memory model." \[[JLS 05|AA. Java References#JLS 05]\]. 

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="77bdc9fad272c001-305d233e-4edb42b8-9e23a49e-6c53c4dc6535dabc22dc29f7"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> normalization (URI)</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*normalization (URI)* : Normalization is the process of removing unnecessary "."  and ".." segments from the path component of a hierarchical URI. Each "." segment is simply removed. A ".." segment is removed only if it is preceded by a non-".." segment. Normalization has no effect upon opaque URIs \[[API 06|AA. Java References#API 06]\].

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="833fc8cf6158ee71-58aa35f7-458c4f14-acf6bdf6-25a553dd0270a1379c78babe"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> relativization (URI)</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*relativization (URI)* : "\[Relativization\] is the inverse of resolution. For example, relativizing the URI {{http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/index.html}} against the base URI {{http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3}} yields the relative URI {{docs/guide/index.html}}." \[[API 06|AA. Java References#API 06]\].

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="efc59d7457ad57f2-0e8e3dff-4ff44af4-b6c68912-e8a2b8a6fdfdce924836dd1e"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> volatile</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*volatile* : Declaring a variable {{volatile}} ensures that all threads see a consistent value of the variable. Volatile guarantees atomic reads and writes of values, however, it does not guarantee the atomicity of composite operations such as variable incrementation (read-modify-write sequence). "Operations on the master copies of volatile variables on behalf of a thread are performed by the main memory in exactly the order that the thread requested." \[[JVMSpec 99|AA. Java References#JVMSpec 99]\].   

<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="6965a42a47c3eabe-21bae0d2-42314dd6-bf2cbd86-204c652e08cc23f1e6ce9f16"><ac:parameter ac:name=""> vulnerability</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
*vulnerability* : "A set of conditions that allows an attacker to violate an explicit or implicit security policy" \[[Seacord 05|AA. Java References#Seacord 05]\].