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Synchronization is more expensive than using the optimized {{java.util.concurrent}} utilities and should only be used when the utilities do not contain the required method to carry out the atomic operation. When using explicit synchronization, the programmer must also ensure that two or more threads are not mutually accessible from a different set of two or more threads such that each thread holds a lock while trying to obtain another lock that is held by the other thread \[[Lea 00|AA. Java References#Lea 00]\]. Failure to follow this advice results in deadlocks ([CON11CON12-J. Avoid deadlock by requesting locks in the proper order]). |
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