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Interpretation of Java format strings is stricter than that in languages such as C. The implementations in the standard libraries throw appropriate exceptions when any conversion argument fails to match the corresponding flag. This approach reduces opportunities for malicious exploits. Nevertheless, malicious user input can exploit format strings and can cause information leaks or denial of service. Therefore As a result, strings from an untrusted source shall not be incorporated into format strings.

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[[MITRE 2009

AA. Bibliography#MITRE 09]]

[CWE-134

http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/134.html] "Uncontrolled Format String"

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[[API 2006

AA. Bibliography#API 06]]

[Class Formatter

http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Formatter.html]

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[[Seacord 2005

AA. Bibliography#Seacord 05]]

Chapter 6, Formatted Output

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