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untrusted code Code of unknown origin that can potentially cause some harm when executed. Untrusted code may not always be malicious, but this is usually hard to determine automatically. Consequently, untrusted code should be run in a sandboxed environment.
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untrusted data [ISO/IEC 11889-1:2009]
Data originating from outside of a trust boundary.
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volatile "A write to a volatile field (§8.3.1.4) happens-before every subsequent read of that field" [JLS 2005]. "Operations on the master copies of volatile variables on behalf of a thread are performed by the main memory in exactly the order that the thread requested" [JVMSpec 1999]. Accesses to a volatile variable are sequentially consistent which also means that the operations are exempt from compiler optimizations. Declaring a variable volatile ensures that all threads see the most up-to-date value of the variable if any thread modifies it. Volatile guarantees atomic reads and writes of primitive values; however, it does not guarantee the atomicity of composite operations such as variable incrementation (read-modify-write sequence).
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