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my $filename = # initialize
open( FILE, $filename) or carpcroak("file not found");
while (<FILE>) {
  print "$file: $_";
};

my $filename = # initialize
open( FILE, "<$filename") or carpcroak("file not found");
while (<FILE>) {
  print "$file: $_";
};

my $filename = # initialize
open( FILE, $filename) or carpcroak("file not found");
while (<>) {
  print ":: $_";
};

my $filename = # initialize
open( FILE, "<", $filename) or carpcroak("file not found");
while (<FILE>) {
  print "$file: $_";
};