| Note | ||
|---|---|---|
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This rule has been deprecated. It has been merged with: 10/07/2014 -- Version 2.0 |
Code that is never executed is known as dead code. Typically, the presence of dead code indicates that a logic error has occurred as a result of changes to a program or the program's environment. Dead code is usually optimized out of a program during compilation. However, to improve readability and ensure that logic errors are resolved, dead code should be identified, understood, and eliminated.
This recommendation is related to MSC12-C. Detect and remove code that has no effect or is never executed.
Noncompliant Code Example
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| Anchor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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default label in a switch statement whose controlling expression has an enumerated type and that specifies labels for all enumerations of the type. (See MSC01-C. Strive for logical completeness.) Because valid values of an enumerated type include all those of its underlying integer type, unless enumeration constants are provided for all those values, the default label is appropriate and necessary....
The presence of dead code may indicate logic errors that can lead to unintended program behavior. The ways in which dead code can be introduced into a program and the effort required to remove it can be complex. As a result, resolving dead code can be an in-depth process requiring significant analysis.
Recommendation | Severity | Likelihood | Remediation Cost | Priority | Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSC07-C | Low | Unlikely | Medium | P2 | L3 |
Automated Detection
Tool | Version | Checker | Description | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astrée |
| dead-assignemnt dead-initializer | Partially checked and soundly supported. | ||||||
| CodeSonar |
|
DIAG. |
UNEX. |
* |
Empty \{Branch, for, if, switch, while\} Statement
Redundant Condition
Code not exercised by analysis |
} | |||||||||
| DEADCODE
| Can detect the specific instance where code can never be reached because of a logical contradiction or a dead "default" in Can detect the instances where code block is unreachable because of the syntactic structure of the code | |||||||
| GCC |
|
Can detect violations of this recommendation when the | |||||||||
| Helix QAC |
| C1501, C1503, C2008, C2877, C2880, C2881, C2882, C2883,C3202, C3203, C3205, C3206, C3207, C3210, C3219, C3229, C3404, C3422, C3423, C3425, C3470 DF2877, DF2880, DF2881, DF2882, DF2883, DF2980, DF2981, DF2982, DF2983, DF2984, DF2985, DF2986 | |||||||
| Klocwork |
|
LA_UNUSED |
|
| ENUM INVARIANT_CONDITION.UNREACH | |||||||||
| LDRA tool suite |
| 1 J | Fully implemented |
| Parasoft C/C++test |
|
|
0689
2008
3110
3112
3196
3201
3202
3203
3205
3206
3207
3210
3219
3229
3307
3328
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3404
3422
3423
3425
3426
3427
3470
| CERT_C-MSC07-a | There shall be no unreachable code in "else" block | |||||||
| Polyspace Bug Finder |
| CERT C: Rule MSC07-C | Checks for:
| ||||||
| RuleChecker |
| dead-assignemnt | Partially checked | ||||||
| SonarQube C/C++ Plugin |
| S1763, S1751 |
| Splint |
|
Can detect violations of this recommendation when the |
Related Vulnerabilities
Search for vulnerabilities resulting from the violation of this rule on the CERT website.
CVE-2014-1266 results from a violation of this rule. There is a spurious goto fail statement on line 631 of sslKeyExchange.c. This goto statement gets executed unconditionally, even though it is indented as if it were part of the preceding if statement. As a result, the call to sslRawVerify() (which would perform the actual signature verification) becomes dead code. [ImperialViolet 2014]
Related Guidelines
| SEI CERT C++ |
| Coding Standard | VOID MSC07-CPP. Detect and remove dead code |
| ISO/IEC TR 24772 | Unspecified functionality [BVQ] Dead and deactivated code [XYQ] |
| MISRA C:2012 |
| Rule 2. |
| 1 ( |
| required) | |
| MITRE CWE | CWE-561, Dead code |
Bibliography
| [Fortify 2006] | Code Quality, "Dead Code" |
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