...
| Code Block | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
#include <png.h> /* From libpng */
#include <string.h>
void func(png_structp png_ptr, size_t length, const void *user_data) {
png_charp chunkdata;
if (length == SIZE_MAX) {
/* Handle error */
}
if (NULL == user_data) {
/* Handle error */
}
chunkdata = (png_charp)png_malloc(png_ptr, length + 1);
if (NULL == chunkdata) {
/* Handle error */
}
/* ... */
if (NULL ==memcpy(chunkdata, user_data) {
/* Handle error */
}
/* ... */
memcpy(chunkdata, user_data, length, length);
/* ... */
} |
Noncompliant Code Example
...
This compliant solution eliminates the null pointer deference by initializing sk to tun->sk following the null pointer check:. It also adds assertions to document that certain other pointers must not be null.
| Code Block | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
| Code Block | ||||
| ||||
static unsigned int tun_chr_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait) {
assert(file);
struct tun_file *tfile = file->private_data;
struct tun_struct *tun = __tun_get(tfile);
struct sock *sk;
unsigned int mask = 0;
if (!tun)
return POLLERR;
assert(tun->dev);
sk = tun->sk;
assert(sk);
assert(sk->socket);
/* The remaining code is omitted because it is unchanged... */
}
|
Risk Assessment
Dereferencing a null pointer is undefined behavior, typically abnormal program termination. In some situations, however, dereferencing a null pointer can lead to the execution of arbitrary code [Jack 2007, van Sprundel 2006]. The indicated severity is for this more severe case; on platforms where it is not possible to exploit a null pointer dereference to execute arbitrary code, the actual severity is low.
Rule | Severity | Likelihood | Remediation Cost | Priority | Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EXP34-C | High | Likely | Medium | P18 | L1 |
Automated Detection
| Tool | Version | Checker | Description | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astrée |
| null-dereferencing | Fully checked |
| Axivion Bauhaus Suite |
|
| CertC-EXP34 | ||||||||
| CodeSonar |
| LANG.MEM.NPD | Null pointer dereference | ||||||
| Compass/ROSE | Can detect violations of this rule. In particular, ROSE ensures that any pointer returned by | ||||||||
| CHECKED_RETURN NULL_RETURNS REVERSE_INULL FORWARD_NULL | Finds instances where a pointer is checked against Identifies functions that can return a null pointer but are not checked Identifies code that dereferences a pointer and then checks the pointer against Can find the instances where | |||||||
| Cppcheck |
| nullPointer, nullPointerDefaultArg, nullPointerRedundantCheck | Context sensitive analysis Detects when NULL is dereferenced (Array of pointers is not checked. Pointer members in structs are not checked.) Finds instances where a pointer is checked against Identifies code that dereferences a pointer and then checks the pointer against Does not guess that return values from | ||||||
| Helix QAC |
| DF2810, DF2811, DF2812, DF2813 | Fully implemented | ||||||
| Klocwork |
| NPD.CHECK.CALL.MIGHT | Fully implemented | ||||||
| LDRA tool suite |
| 45 D, 123 D, 128 D, 129 D, 130 D, 131 D, 652 S | Fully implemented | ||||||
| Parasoft C/C++test |
|
CERT_C- |
EXP34- |
a | Avoid null pointer dereferencing |
| Parasoft Insure++ | Runtime analysis |
Null pointer,
Use of tainted pointer
Arithmetic operation performed on NULL pointer
NULL pointer dereferenced
Pointer from an unsecure source may be NULL or point to unknown memory
| PC-lint Plus |
| 413, 418, 444, 613, 668 | Partially supported | ||||||
| Polyspace Bug Finder |
| Checks for use of null pointers (rule partially covered) |
2810, 2811, 2812, 2813, 2814, 2820, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2824
| PVS-Studio |
| V522, V595, V664, V713, V1004 | |||||||
| SonarQube C/C++ Plugin |
| S2259 | |||||||
| Splint |
| ||||||||
| TrustInSoft Analyzer |
| mem_access | Exhaustively verified (see one compliant and one non-compliant example). |
Related Vulnerabilities
Search for vulnerabilities resulting from the violation of this rule on the CERT website.
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EXP34-C is a common consequence of ignoring function return values, but it is a distinct error, and can occur in other scenarios too.
BibliographyBibliography
| [Goodin 2009] | |
| [Jack 2007] | |
| [Liu 2009] | |
| [van Sprundel 2006] | |
| [Viega 2005] | Section 5.2.18, "Null-Pointer Dereference" |
...