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Suppose a system authenticates users by issuing the following query to a SQL database. If the query returns any results, authentication succeeds; otherwise, authentication fails.
| Code Block | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
SELECT * FROM db_user WHERE username='<USERNAME>' AND
password='<PASSWORD>' |
Suppose an attacker can substitute arbitrary strings for <USERNAME> and <PASSWORD>. In that case, the authentication mechanism can be bypassed by supplying the following <USERNAME> with an arbitrary password:
| Code Block | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
validuser' OR '1'='1 |
The authentication routine dynamically constructs the following query:
| Code Block | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
SELECT * FROM db_user WHERE username='validuser' OR '1'='1' AND password='<PASSWORD>' |
...
Similarly, an attacker could supply the following string for <PASSWORD> with an arbitrary username:
| Code Block | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
' OR '1'='1 |
producing the following query:
| Code Block | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
SELECT * FROM db_user WHERE username='<USERNAME>' AND password='' OR '1'='1' |
...
Rule | Severity | Likelihood | Remediation Cost | Priority | Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IDS00-J | High | ProbableLikely | Medium | P12P18 | L1 |
Automated Detection
| Tool | Version | Checker | Description | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Checker Framework |
| Tainting Checker | Trust and security errors (see Chapter 8) | ||||||||
| CodeSonar |
| JAVA.IO.INJ.SQL | SQL Injection (Java) | ||||||||
| Coverity | 7.5 | SQLI | Implemented | ||||||||
| Findbugs | 1.0 | SQL_NONCONSTANT_STRING_PASSED_TO_EXECUTE | Implemented | ||||||||
| Fortify | 1.0 | HTTP_Response_Splitting | Implemented | ||||||||
| Klocwork |
| SV.DATA.DB | Implemented | ||||||||
| Parasoft Jtest |
| CERT.IDS00.TDSQL | Protect against SQL injection | ||||||||
| SonarQube |
| ||||||||||
| SpotBugs |
| SQL_NONCONSTANT_STRING_PASSED_TO_EXECUTE | Implemented |
Related Vulnerabilities
CVE-2008-2370 describes a vulnerability in Apache Tomcat 4.1.0 through 4.1.37, 5.5.0 through 5.5.26, and 6.0.0 through 6.0.16. When a RequestDispatcher is used, Tomcat performs path normalization before removing the query string from the URI, which allows remote attackers to conduct directory traversal attacks and read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in a request parameter.
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