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The integral types in Java, representation, and inclusive ranges are shown in the following table taken from the JLS, §4.2.1, "Integral Types and Values" [JLS 2015]:

The following table shows the integer overflow behavior of the integral operators.

Because the ranges of Java types are not symmetric (the negation of each minimum value is one more than each maximum value), even operations such as unary negation can overflow if applied to a minimum value. Because the java.lang.math.abs() method returns the absolute value of any number, it can also overflow if given the minimum int or long as an argument.

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The following code example shows the necessary precondition checks required for each arithmetic operation on arguments of type int. The checks for the other integral types are analogous. These methods throw an exception when an integer overflow would otherwise occur; any other conforming error handling is also acceptable. Since ArithmeticException inherits from RuntimeException, we do not need to declare it in a throws clause.

static final int safeAdd(int left, int right)
                 throws ArithmeticException {
  if (right > 0 ? left > Integer.MAX_VALUE - right
                : left < Integer.MIN_VALUE - right) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Integer overflow");
  }
  return left + right;
}

static final int safeSubtract(int left, int right) 
                 throws ArithmeticException {
  if (right > 0 ? left < Integer.MIN_VALUE + right 
                : left > Integer.MAX_VALUE + right) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Integer overflow");
  }
  return left - right;
}

static final int safeMultiply(int left, int right) {
  if               throws ArithmeticException {
  if (right (right > 0 ? left > Integer.MAX_VALUE/right
                  || left < Integer.MIN_VALUE/right 
                : (right < -1 ? left > Integer.MIN_VALUE/right 
                                || left < Integer.MAX_VALUE/right
                              : right == -1 
                                && left == Integer.MIN_VALUE) ) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Integer overflow");
  }
  return left * right;
}

static final int safeDivide(int left, int right)
                 throws ArithmeticException {
  if ((left == Integer.MIN_VALUE) && (right == -1)) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Integer overflow");
  }
  return left / right;
}

static final int safeNegate(int a) throws ArithmeticException {
  if (a == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Integer overflow");
  }
  return -a;
}
static final int safeAbs(int a) throws ArithmeticException {
  if (a == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Integer overflow");
  }
  return Math.abs(a);
}

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public static int multAccum(int oldAcc, int newVal, int scale) {
  return                throws ArithmeticException {
  return safeAdd(oldAcc, safeMultiply(safeAdd(oldAcc, safeMultiply(newVal, scale));
}

Compliant Solution (Java 8, Math.*Exact())

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public static int multAccum(int oldAcc, int newVal, int scale)
                  throws ArithmeticException {
  return Math.addExact(oldAcc, Math.multiplyExact(newVal, scale));
}

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public static long intRangeCheck(long value) {
  if ((value <               throws ArithmeticException {
  if ((value < Integer.MIN_VALUE) Integer.MIN_VALUE) || (value > Integer.MAX_VALUE)) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Integer overflow");
  }
  return value;
}

public static int multAccum(int oldAcc, int newVal, int scale)
                  throws ArithmeticException {
  final long res = intRangeCheck(
   ((long) oldAcc) + intRangeCheck((long) newVal * (long) scale)
  );
  return (int) res; // Safe downcast
}

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private static final BigInteger bigMaxInt = 
  BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
private static final BigInteger bigMinInt =    
  BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE);

public static BigInteger intRangeCheck(BigInteger val) {
                         throws ArithmeticException {
  if (valif (val.compareTo(bigMaxInt) == 1 ||
      val.compareTo(bigMinInt) == -1) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Integer overflow");
  }
  return val;
}

public static int multAccum(int oldAcc, int newVal, int scale)
                            throws ArithmeticException {
  BigInteger product =
    BigInteger.valueOf(newVal).multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(scale));
  BigInteger res = 
    intRangeCheck(BigInteger.valueOf(oldAcc).add(product));
  return res.intValue(); // Safe conversion
}

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Failure to perform appropriate range checking can lead to integer overflows, which can cause unexpected program control flow or unanticipated program behavior.

Automated Detection

Automated detection of integer operations that can potentially overflow is straightforward. Automatic determination of which potential overflows are true errors and which are intended by the programmer is infeasible. Heuristic warnings might be helpful.

Related Guidelines

Android Implementation Details

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to calculate the available memory in an SD card, which could result in a negative value when the available memory is larger than Integer.MAX_VALUE. Note that these methods are deprecated in API level 18 and replaced by getAvailableBlocksLong() and getBlockSizeLong().

Bibliography

[API 2006]	Class AtomicInteger
[Bloch 2005]	Puzzle 27, "Shifty i's"
[Bloch 2008]	Item 12, "Minimize the Accessibility of Classes and Members"
[Java Tutorials]	Primitive Data Types
[JLS 2015]	§4.2.1, "Integral Types and Values" §4.2.2, "Integer Operations" §15.22, "Bitwise and Logical Operators"
[Seacord 2005]	Chapter 5, "Integers"
[Seacord 2015]	Image Modified IDS17-J. Prevent XML External Entity Attacks LiveLesson

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