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Do not use Using the assignment operator in conditional expressions because it frequently indicates programmer error and can result in unexpected behavior. This means that the The assignment operator should not be used in the following contexts:

• if  (controlling expression)
• while (controlling expression)
• do ... while (controlling expression)
• for (second operand)
• switch (controlling expression)
• ?:  (first operand)
• &&  (either operand)
• ||  (either operand)
• ?:  (second or third operands) where the ternary expression is used in any of these contexts

Noncompliant Code Example

In this noncompliant code example, an assignment expression is the controlling expression in an the if statement is an assignment expression:

public void f(boolean a, boolean b) {
  if (a = b) {
    /* ... */
  }
}

Although the programmer's intent could have been to assign b to a and test the value of the result, this usage frequently occurs when the programmer mistakenly used the assignment operator = rather than the equality operator ==.

Compliant Solution

When the assignment of b to a is unintended, this conditional block is now executed The conditional block shown in this compliant solution executes only when a is equal to b:

public void f(boolean a, boolean b) {
  if (a == b) {
    /* ... */
  }
}

Unintended assignment of b to a cannot occur.

Compliant Solution

When the assignment is intended, the following this compliant solution clarifies the programmer's intent:

public void f(boolean a, boolean b) {
  if ((a = b) == true) {
    /* ... */
  }
}

Compliant Solution

Nevertheless, it It may be preferable clearer to express this same the logic as an explicit assignment followed by a conditionalthe if condition:

public void f(boolean a, boolean b) {
  a = b;
  if (a) {
    /* ... */
  }
}

Noncompliant Code Example

In this noncompliant code example, an assignment expression appears in the controlling expression as an operand of the && operator. Because && is not a comparison operator, assignment is an illegal operand.:

public void f(boolean a, boolean b, boolean flag) {
  while ( (a = b) && flag ) {
    /* ... */
  }
}

Because && is not a comparison operator, assignment is an illegal operand. Again, this is frequently a case of the programmer mistakenly using the assignment operator = instead of the equals operator ==.

Compliant Solution

When the assignment of b to a is unintended, this conditional block is now executed only when a is equal to b and flag is true:

public void f(boolean a, boolean b, boolean flag) {
  while ( (a == b) && flag ) {
    /* ... */
  }
}

Applicability

The use of the assignment operator in controlling conditional expressions frequently indicates programmer error and can result in unexpected behavior.

ExceptionallyAs an exception to this guideline, it is permitted to use the assignment operator in conditional expressions when the assignment is not the controlling expression (that is, the assignment is a subexpression), as shown in the following compliant examplesolution:

public void app_exassignNocontrol(BufferedReader reader)
   throws throws IOException{
	  String line;
    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    	// ... workWork with line
    }
}

Related Guidelines

Automated Detection

Bibliography

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