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Floating-point numbers can take on two kinds of three exceptional values: infinity, -infinity, and NaN (not-a-number). These values are produced as a result of exceptional or otherwise unresolvable floating-point operations. Additionally, they may , such as division by zero. These exceptional values can also be obtained directly from user input through methods like such as Double.valueOf(String s). Failure to detect and handle such exceptional values can result in inconsistent behavior.

NaN values are particularly problematic because the expression NaN == NaN always returns false (See FLP02-J. Do not attempt comparisons with NaN). In general, any comparisons with NaN return false, and all arithmetic functions on NaN inputs simply propagate the taint throughout the code. Just one occurrence of a NaN value can effectuate regressions within other code segments.

The method Double.valueOf(String s) can return NaN or an infinite double, as specified by its contract. Programs should install checks to must ensure that all floating-point inputs (especially those obtained from the user) do not contain either of these values before proceeding to operate on themare free of unexpected exceptional values. The methods Double.isNaN(double d) and Double.isInfinite(double d) can be used for this purpose.

NaN values are particularly problematic because they are unordered. That is, the expression NaN == NaN always returns false (see NUM07-J. Do not attempt comparisons with NaN for more information).

Noncompliant Code Example

This noncompliant code example accepts user data without validating it.:

double currentBalance; // User's cash balance 

void doDeposit(String userInput) {
  double val = 0;
  try {
    val = Double.valueOf(userInput);
  }
 catch catch(NumberFormatException e) {
    // Handle input format error
  }

  if (val >= Double.MAX_VALUE - currentBalance) {
    // Handle range error
  }

  currentBalance += val;
}

This can be a problem if an invalid code produces unexpected results when an exceptional value is entered for val and subsequently used in calculations or as control values. The user could, for example, input the strings infinity or NaN on the command line, which would be parsed by Double.valueOf(String s) into the floating-point representations of either infinity or NaN. All subsequent calculations using these values would be invalid, possibly causing runtime exceptions or enabling denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

In this compliant solutionnoncompliant example, entering NaN for val would force cause currentBalance to be set to also equal NaN, corrupting its value. If this value is were used in other expressions, every resulting value will would also become NaN, possibly corrupting important data.

Compliant Solution

This compliant solution validates the floating-point input before using it. The value is tested to ensure that it is neither infinity, negative -infinity, nor NaN.

double currentBalance; // User's cash balance 

void doDeposit(String suserInput){
  double val = 0;
  try {
    val = Double.valueOf(userInput);
  }
 catch catch(NumberFormatException e) {
    // Handle input format error
  }

  if (Double.isInfinite(val)){
    // Handle infinity error 
  }

  if (Double.isNaN(val)) {
    // Handle NaN error 
  }

  if (val >= Double.MAX_VALUE - currentBalance) {
    // Handle range error
  }
  currentBalance += val;
}

Exceptions

EX1NUM08-J-EX0: Occasionally, NaN, infinity, or -infinity may be acceptable as expected inputs to a program. In such cases, explicit checks may might not be necessary. However, such programs must be prepared to handle these inputs exceptional values gracefully and should not allow the prevent propagation of taint the exceptional values to other values by using them in mathematical expressions where they are inappropriatecode that fails to handle exceptional values. The choice to permit input of exceptional values during ordinary operation should be explicitly documented.

Risk Assessment

Incorrect or missing validation of floating-point input can result in miscalculations and unexpected results, possibly leading to inconsistent program behavior and Denial of Service (DoS) denial of service.

Automated Detection

...

TODO

Related Vulnerabilities

Search for vulnerabilities resulting from the violation of this rule on the CERT website.

Other Languages

...

Automated detection is infeasible in the general case. It could be possible to develop a taint-like analysis that detects many interesting cases.

Tool	Version	Checker	Description
Parasoft Jtest	Include Page Parasoft_V Parasoft_V	CERT.NUM08.FPEXC	Check floating-point inputs for exceptional values

Related Guidelines

References

\[[IEEE 754|https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/AA.+C+References#AA.CReferences-IEEE7542006|IEEE 754]\]
\[[IEEE 1003.1, 2004|https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/AA.+C+References#AA.CReferences-IEEE1003|IEEE 1003.1, 2004]\] 

Bibliography

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Image Added Image Added Image AddedFLP03-J. Use the strictfp modifier for floating point calculation consistency      07. Floating Point (FLP)      FLP30-J. Do not use floating point variables as loop counters