With the introduction of void * pointers in the ANSI/ISO C Standard, explicitly casting the result of a call to malloc is no longer necessary and may even produce unexpected behavior if <stdlib.h> is not included.
Non-Compliant Code Example
If stdlib.h is not included, the compiler makes the assumption that malloc() has a return type of int. When the result of a call to malloc() is explicitly cast to a pointer type, the compiler assumes that the cast from int to a pointer type is done with full knowledge of the possible outcomes. This may lead to behavior that is unexpected by the programmer.
char *p = (char *)malloc(10);
Compliant Solution
By ommiting the explicit cast to a pointer, the compiler can determine that an int is attempting to be assigned to a pointer type and will generate a warning that may easily be corrected.
#include <stdlib.h> ... char *p = malloc(10);
Exceptions
The return value from malloc() may be cast in C code that needs to be compatible with C++, where explicit casts from void * are required.
References
comp.lang.c FAQ list - Question 7.7
comp.lang.c FAQ list - Question 7.7b