Use size_t for all integer values representing the size of an object

The size_t type is the unsigned integer type of the result of the sizeof operator. The underlying representation of variables of type size_t are guaranteed to be of sufficient precision to represent the size of an object. The limit of size_t is specified by the SIZE_MAX macro.

Any variable that is used to represent the size of an object including, but not limited to, integer values used as sizes, indices, loop counters, and lengths should be declared as size_t.

Non-compliant Code Example 1

In the following example, the dynamically allocated buffer referenced by p will overflow for values of n > INT_MAX.

char *copy(size_t n, char *str) {
  int i;
  char *p = malloc(n);
  for ( i = 0; i < n; ++i ) {
    p[i] = *str++;
  }
  return p;
}

char *p = copy(20, "hi there");

Compliant Solution 1

Declaring i to be of type size_t eliminates the possible integer overflow condition.

char *copy(size_t n, char *str) {
  size_t i;
  char *p = malloc(n);
  for ( i = 0; i < n; ++i ) {
    p[i] = *str++;
  }
  return p;
}

char *p = copy(20, "hi there");

Non-compliant Code Example 2

The user defined function calc_size (not shown) is used to calculate the size of the string other_string. The result of calc_size is a signed int returned into str_size. Given that there is no check on str_size, it is impossible to tell whether the result of calc_size is an appropriate parameter for malloc, that is, a positive integer that can be properly represented by a signed int type.

int str_size = calc_size(other_string);
char *str_copy = malloc(str_size);

Compliant Code Example 2

By changing str_size to a variable of type size_t, it can be ensured that the call to malloc() is, at the least, supplied a non-negative number.

size_t str_size = calc_size(other_string);
char *str_copy = malloc(str_size);

Non-compliant Code Example 3

Add an example using size_t as an index

References

• ISO/IEC 9899-1999 Section 7.17 Common definitions <stddef.h>
• ISO/IEC 9899-1999 Section 7.20.3 Memory management functions