Strings must contain a null-termination character at or before the address of the last element of the array before they can be safely passed as arguments to standard string-handling functions, such as {{strcpy()}} or {{strlen()}}. This is because these functions, as well as other string-handling functions defined by C99 \[[ISO/IEC 9899:1999|AA. Bibliography#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\], depend on the existence of a null-termination character to determine the length of a string. Similarly, strings must be null terminated before iterating on a character array where the termination condition of the loop depends on the existence of a null-termination character within the memory allocated for the string, as in the following example: | 