Signed integer overflow is undefined behavior (see undefined behavior 36 in Annex J of the C Standard). This means that Consequently, implementations have a great deal of considerable latitude in how they deal with signed integer overflow .(see MSC15-C. Do not depend on undefined behavior). An implementation may define the same modulo arithmetic for both unsigned and signed integers. On such an implementation, signed integers overflow by wrapping around to 0. An example of such an implementation is GNU GCC invoked with the -fwrapv command-line option.
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The C Standard, 6.5.7 paragraph 4 [ISO/IEC 9899:2011], states
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In almost every case, an attempt to shift by a negative number of bits or by more bits than exist in the operand indicates a bug (logic error). These issues are covered by INT34-C. Do not shift a negative number of bits or more bits than exist in the operand.
Noncompliant Code Example
This noncompliant code example can result in an unrepresentable value.
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Compliant Solution
This compliant solution eliminates the possibility of overflow resulting from a left-shift operation:
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