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This noncompliant code example can result in a divide-by-zero error during the division of the signed operands s_a and s_b. It can also result in a signed integer overflow error on twos-complement platforms. The On the x86-32 architecture, for example, requires that both conditions result overflow results in a fault, which can easily result in be exploited as a denial-of-service attack.
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Compliant Solution
This compliant solution tests the suspect division operation to guarantee there is no eliminates the possibility of divide-by-zero errors or signed overflow:
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The C Standard, 6.5.7 paragraph 4 [ISO/IEC 9899:2011], states
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In almost every case, an attempt to shift by a negative number of bits or by more bits than exist in the operand indicates a bug (logic error). These issues are covered by INT34-C. Do not shift a negative number of bits or more bits than exist in the operand.
Noncompliant Code Example
This noncompliant code example can result in an unrepresentable value.
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Compliant Solution
This compliant solution eliminates the possibility of overflow resulting from a left-shift operation:
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