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Unlike passed-by-value arguments and pointers, pointed-to values are a concern. A function may modify a value referenced by a pointer argument, leading to a side effect that persists even after the function exits. Modification of the pointed-to value is not diagnosed by the compiler, which assumes this behavior was intended.
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The const-qualification of the second argument, s2, eliminates the spurious warning in the initial invocation but maintains the valid warning on the final invocation in which a const-qualified object is passed as the first argument (which can change). Finally, the middle strcat() invocation is now valid because c_str3 is a valid destination string and may be safely modified.
Risk Assessment
Not declaring Failing to declare an unchanging value const prohibits the function from working with values already cast as const. This problem can be sidestepped by type casting away the const, but doing so violates EXP05-C. Do not cast away a const qualification.
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Related Vulnerabilities
Search for vulnerabilities resulting from the violation of this rule on the CERT website.
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