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Code that is never executed is known as dead code. Typically, the presence of dead code indicates that a logic error has occurred as a result of changes to a program over time. Dead code is usually optimized out of a program during compilation. However, to improve readability and ensure that logic errors are resolved dead code should be identified, understood, and removed from a program.

Non-Compliant Code Example

This example, inspired by Fortify demonstrates how dead code can be introduced into a program. The second conditional statement, if (s) will never evaluate true because it requires that s not be assigned NULL, and the only path where s can be assigned a non-NULL value ends with a return statement.

int func(int condition) {
    int *s = NULL;
    if (condition) {
        s = malloc(10);
        if (s == NULL) {
           /* Handle Error */
        }
        /* insert data into s */
        return 0;
    }
    /* ... */
    if (s) {
        /* This code is never reached */
    }
    return 0;
}

Compliant Solution

Remediating dead code requires the programmer to determine why the code is never executed and then resolve that situation appropriately. To correct the example above, the return is removed from the body of the first conditional statement.

int func(int condition) {
    int *s = NULL;
    if (condition) {
        s = malloc(10);
        if (s == NULL) {
           /* Handle Error */
        }
        /* insert data into s */
    }
    /* ... */
    if (s) {
        /* This code is now reachable */
    }
    return 0;
}

Risk Assessment

References