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On x86 platforms, the remainder operator for signed integers is implemented by the idiv instruction code, along with the divide operator. Because LONG_MIN / -1 overflows, this code will throw a floating-point exception on LONG_MIN % -1.
On Microsoft Visual Studio 2013, taking the remainder of LONG_MIN by −1 results in abnormal termination on x86 and x64. On GCC/Linux, taking the remainder of LONG_MIN by −1 produces a floating-point exception. However, on GCC 4.2.4 and newer, with optimization enabled, taking the remainder of LONG_MIN by −1 yields the value 0.
Compliant Solution
This compliant solution also tests the remainder operands to guarantee there is no possibility of an overflow:
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The C Standard, 6.5.7, paragraph 4 [ISO/IEC 9899:2011], states
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In almost every case, an attempt to shift by a negative number of bits or by more bits than exist in the operand indicates a logic error. These issues are covered by INT34-C. Do not shift an expression by a negative number of bits or by greater than or equal to the number of bits that exist in the operand.
Noncompliant Code Example
This noncompliant code example performs a left shift, after verifying that the number being shifted is not negative, and the number of bits to shift is valid. The PRECISION() macro and popcount() function provide the correct precision for any integer type (see INT35-C. Use correct integer precisions). However, because this code does no overflow check, it can result in an unrepresentable value.
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Compliant Solution
This compliant solution eliminates the possibility of overflow resulting from a left-shift operation:
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