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The modulo operator provides the remainder when two operands of integer type are divided. Because many platforms implement modulo and division in the same instruction, the modulo operator has the same possibilities of arithmetic overflow and division by 0. (See INT33-C. Ensure that division and modulo operations do not result in divide-by-zero errors.) 

Left-Shift Operator

The left-shift operator is between two operands of integer type. For examples of usage of the left-shift operator, see INT34-C. Do not shift a negative number of bits or more bits than exist in the operand.

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#include <limits.h>
 
void func(signed long s_a) {
  signed long result;
  if (s_a == LONG_MIN) {
    /* Handle error */
  } else {
    result = -s_a;
  }
  /* ... */
}

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Left-Shift Operator

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Atomic Integers

The C Standard defines the behavior of arithmetic on atomic signed integer types to use two's complement representation with silent wraparound on overflow; there are no undefined results. However, although defined, these results may be unexpected and therefore carry similar risks to unsigned integer wrapping (see INT30-C. Ensure that unsigned integer operations do not wrap). Consequently, signed integer overflow of atomic integer types should also be prevented or detected. 

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