The C Standard identifies specific strings to use for the mode on calls to fopen(). To C11 provides a new mode flag 'x' that provides the mechanism needed to determine if the file that is to be opened exists. To be strictly conforming and portable, one of the strings from the following table (adapted from the C Standard) must be used:
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| Result |
|---|---|
| Open text file for reading |
| Truncate to zero length or create text file for writing |
| Create text file for writing |
| Append; open or create text file for writing at end-of-file |
| Open binary file for reading |
| Truncate to zero length or create binary file for writing |
| Create binary file for writing |
| Append; open or create binary file for writing at end-of-file |
| Open text file for update (reading and writing) |
| Truncate to zero length or create text file for update |
| Create text file for update |
| Append; open or create text file for update, writing at end-of-file |
| Open binary file for update (reading and writing) |
| Truncate to zero length or create binary file for update |
| Create binary file for update |
| Append; open or create binary file for update, writing at end-of-file |
...