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The Optional class contains methods that can be used to make programs shorter and more intuitive [Urma 2014].
Exceptions
EXP01-J-EX0: A method may dereference an object-typed parameter without guarantee that it is a valid object reference provided that the method documents that it (potentially) throws a NullPointerException, either via the throws clause of the method or in the method comments. However, this exception should be relied on sparingly.
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