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According to the Java Language Specification \[[JLS 05|AA. Java References#JLS 05]\], section 4.12.4 ""{{final}} Variables"": |
... if a
finalvariable holds a reference to an array, then the components of the array may be changed by operations on the array, but the variable will always refer to the same array.
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class FinalClass{
private int a;
private int b;
FinalClass(int a, int b){
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
void set_ab(int a, int b){
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
void print_ab(){
System.out.println(""the value a is: "" + this.a);
System.out.println(""the value b is: "" + this.b);
}
}
public class FinalCaller {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final FinalClass fc = new FinalClass(1, 2);
fc.print_ab();
// change the value of a,b.
fc.set_ab(5, 6);
fc.print_ab();
}
}
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final public class NewFinal implements Cloneable {
private int a;
private int b;
NewFinal(int a, int b){
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
void print_ab(){
System.out.println(""the value a is: ""+ this.a);
System.out.println(""the value b is: ""+ this.b);
}
void set_ab(int a, int b){
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
public NewFinal clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException{
NewFinal cloned = (NewFinal) super.clone();
return cloned;
}
}
public class NewFinalCaller {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
final NewFinal nf = new NewFinal(1, 2);
nf.print_ab();
// Get the copy of original object
NewFinal nf2 = nf.clone();
// Change the value of a,b of the copy.
nf2.set_ab(5, 6);
// Original value will not be changed
nf.print_ab();
}
}
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private static final String[] items = { ... };
public static final List<String>List<String> itemsList =
Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(items));
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\[[JLS 05|AA. Java References#JLS 05]\] Sections 4.12.4 ""final Variables"" and 6.6, ""Access Control"" \[[Bloch 08|AA. Java References#Bloch 08]\] Item 13: Minimize the accessibility of classes and members \[[Core Java 04|AA. Java References#Core Java 04]\] Chapter 6 \[[MITRE 09|AA. Java References#MITRE 09]\] [CWE ID 607|http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/607.html] ""Public Static Final Field References Mutable Object"" |
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OBJ02-J. Avoid using finalizers 08. Object Orientation (OBJ) OBJ04-J. Encapsulate the absence of an object by using a Null Object