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This noncompliant code example prints {{100}} as the size of the {{HashSet}} rather than the expected result ({{1}}). The combination of values of types {{short}} and {{int}} in the operation {{i-1}} causes the result to be autoboxed into an object of type {{Integer}}, rather than one of type {{Short}}. See guideline [NUM10NUM18-J. Be aware of numeric promotion behavior] for additional explanation of the details of the promotion rules. The {{HashSet}} contains only values of type {{Short}}; the code attempts to remove objects of type {{Integer}}. Consequently, the {{remove()}} operation accomplishes nothing. The language's type checking guarantees that only values of type {{Short}} can be inserted into the {{HashSet}}.  Nevertheless, programmers are free to attempt to remove an object of _any_ type, because {{Collections<E>.remove()}} accepts an argument of type {{Object}} rather than of type {{E}}. Such behavior can result in unintended object retention or memory leaks \[[Techtalk 2007|AA. Bibliography#Techtalk 07]\].