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Perl provides several functions for list manipulation. For instance, the map() function takes an expression or block, applies it to each element in a list, and returns the list of mapped elements. If it is given a block, the block is executed with $_ assigned to each element of the list in turn. The perlfunc manpage adds:

Note that $_ is an alias to the list value, so it can be used to modify the elements of the LIST. While this is useful and supported, it can cause bizarre results if the elements of LIST are not variables. Using a regular "foreach" loop for this purpose would be clearer in most cases.

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This compliant solution does the same thing but uses List::MoreUtils::apply(), which guarantees not to modify its input list.

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Bibliography

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