Page History

Wiki MarkupImmutable objects should be {{const}}\-qualified. Enforcing object immutability using {{const}}\- qualification helps ensures ensure the correctness and security of applications. ISO/IEC PDTR 24772 \[[ISO/IEC PDTR 24772|AA. C References#ISO/IEC PDTR 24772]\], for example, recommends labeling parameters as constant to avoid the unintentional modification of function arguments. [STR05-A. Use pointers to const when referring to string literals] describes a specialized case of this recommendation. TR 24772, for example, recommends labeling parameters as constant to avoid the unintentional modification of function arguments [ISO/IEC TR 24772]. STR05-C. Use pointers to const when referring to string literals describes a specialized case of this recommendation.

Adding const qualification may propagate through a program; as you add const, qualifiers , become still more become necessary. This phenomenon is sometimes called "const-poisoning." Const-poisoning poisoning, which can frequently lead to violations of EXP05-AC. Do not cast away a const qualification. While Although const qualification is a good idea, the costs may outweigh the value in the remediation of existing code.

One may wish to consider using a macro, A macro or an enumeration constant , rather than a const variable, see DCL06-Amay also be used instead of a const-qualified object. DCL06-C. Use meaningful symbolic constants to represent literal values in program logic for details regarding macros vs. enumeration constants vs. const variables describes the relative merits of using const-qualified objects, enumeration constants, and object-like macros. However, adding a const qualifier to a pre-an existing variable is a better first step than replacing the variable with an enumeration constant or macro , because the compiler can then will issue warnings on any code that changes your const-qualified variable. Once you have verified that a const-qualified variable indeed is not changed by any code, you may then consider changing it to an enumeration constant or macro, as best fits your design.

...

Noncompliant Code Example

In this non-compliant noncompliant code example, pi is declared as a float. Although pi is a mathematical constant, its value is not protected from accidental modification.

float pi = 3.14159f;
float degrees;
float radians;
/* ... */
radians = degrees * pi / 180;

Compliant Solution

In this compliant solution, pi is declared as a const-qualified object.:

const float pi = 3.14159f;
float degrees;
float radians;
/* ... */
radians = degrees * pi / 180;

Risk Assessment

Failing to const-qualify immutable objects can result in a constant being modified at runtime.

Automated Detection

Related Vulnerabilities

Search for vulnerabilities resulting from the violation of this rule on the CERT website.

References

\[[ISO/IEC 9899-1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\] Section 6.7.3, "Type qualifiers"
\[[Saks 00|AA. C References#Saks 00]\] Dan Saks. [Numeric Literals|http://www.embedded.com/2000/0009/0009pp.htm]. Embedded Systems Programming.  September, 2000.

Related Guidelines

 Bibliography

...

Image Added Image Added Image Added02. Declarations and Initialization (DCL)      02. Declarations and Initialization (DCL)       DCL01-A. Do not reuse variable names in subscopes