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Increasing the accessibility of overridden or hidden methods permits a malicious subclass to offer wider access to the restricted method than was originally intended. Consequently, programs must override methods only when necessary and must declare methods final whenever possible to prevent malicious subclassing. When methods cannot be declared final, programs must refrain from increasing the accessibility of overridden methods.

Wiki MarkupThe access modifier of an overriding or hiding method must provide at least as much access as the overridden or hidden method (_The Java Language Specification_, [§8, §8.4.8.3, "Requirements in Overriding and Hiding" |http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/classes.html#8.4.8.3] \ [[JLS 2005|AA. Bibliography#JLS 05]]. The following are the allowed accesses:JLS 2015]). The following table lists the allowed accesses.

Noncompliant Code Example

This noncompliant code example demonstrates how a malicious subclass Sub can both override the doLogic() method of the superclass and increase the accessibility of the overriding method. Any user of Sub can invoke the doLogic method because the base class Super defines it to be protected, consequently allowing class Sub to increase the accessibility of doLogic() by declaring its own version of the method to be public.

class Super {
  protected void doLogic() {
    System.out.println("Super invoked");
  }
}

public class Sub extends Super {
  public void doLogic() {
    System.out.println("Sub invoked");
    // Do sensitive operations
  }
}

...

This compliant solution declares the doLogic() method final to prevent malicious overriding.:

class Super {
  protected final void doLogic() { // declareDeclare as final
    System.out.println("Super invoked");
    // Do sensitive operations
  }
}

Exceptions

MET04-J-EX0: For classes that implement the java.lang.Cloneable interface, the accessibility of the Object.clone() method should be increased from protected to public [SCG 2009].

Risk Assessment

Subclassing allows weakening of access restrictions, which can compromise the security of a Java application.

Automated Detection

Detecting violations of this rule is straightforward.

Related Guidelines

Bibliography

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